Protein biomarker for early diagnosis of microbial toxin contamination: Using <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> as an example

Microbial toxins are important factors that contribute to human diseases and food losses. Predicting the production of these before they occur is a significant challenge. In this study, we innovatively developed strategy called targeted acquisition toxin-related immunogen (TATRI) identify early diagnostic biomarkers for microbial toxins. Taking Aspergillus flavus as an example, employed immunoassay-based screening approach nanobodies exhibited response signals different toxigenic strains. Subsequently, isolated purified specific pre-aflatoxin biomarker PAB-01 bound selected nanobody. The results showed level was positively correlated with toxin-producing ability A. strains could be detected aflatoxins. It met essential requirements aflatoxin contamination. Protein identification bioinformatics analysis revealed glycoprotein can secreted into extracellular space. located on chromosome 5 belongs 75 family glycoside hydrolases. Furthermore, used 7 g/kg critical concentration diagnose risk contamination in stored peanuts, accuracy rate 75.9% high-risk samples. summary, work provides promising protein prior toxin establishment techniques